Historically unprecedented warming is projected during this century. Observed temperatures are generally within the envelope of model simulations of the historical period (gray shading). Shading indicates the range of annual temperatures from the set of models. Temperatures in Arizona (orange line) have risen about 2.5✯ since the beginning of the 20th century. Projected changes for 2006–2100 are from global climate models for two possible futures: one in which greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase (higher emissions) and another in which greenhouse gas emissions increase at a slower rate (lower emissions). The hottest year on record was 2017, with a statewide annual average temperature of 63.0☏, which is 3.3☏ above the long-term (1895–2020) average.įigure 1: Observed and projected changes (compared to the 1901–1960 average) in near-surface air temperature for Arizona. Extreme temperatures in Arizona range from a record high of 128☏ at Lake Havasu City (June 29, 1994) to a record low of −40☏ at Hawley Lake (January 7, 1971). Phoenix has the hottest climate of all major U.S. The southern deserts frequently experience summer temperatures between 105☏ and 115☏. Annual average (1991–2020 normals) temperatures range from the 40s (☏) at the highest elevations in the mountains to the mid-70s (☏) in the lower elevations of the south. The mountain ranges that run from the northwest to the southeast experience heavier precipitation and wide temperature variations. The deserts in the south are some of the hottest and driest areas of the country, while the higher terrain of the Colorado Plateau in the northeast has a cooler climate, with cold winters and mild summers. state, encompasses diverse climates and topography. The average value from all these simulations are then recorded.Arizona, the sixth-largest U.S. With all available gages within 40 miles of Downtown Phoenix, 30 gages are randomly selected and their average and percent with measurable rain are computed. To generate the averages, a Monte Carlo simulation is used. The most common error will be light precip amounts at individual gages when no rain actually occurred. Also, please be aware that the rainfall data are only passed through minimal quality control mechanisms. When this happens it is reflective of either a very light or very isolated precipitation event. Coupled with mathematical rounding, it is very likely there will be days when precipitation falls across the PMA yet the average rainfall is 0.00". Therefore, any precipitation less than 1 mm/0.04" will not be measured by the rain gages. The FCD rain gages measure precipitation in millimeters (increments of 0.04"). The PRI, based on rain observed within 40 miles of Downtown Phoenix from the Maricopa County Flood Control District's network of ALERT rain gauges across the PMA, provides an average rainfall amount and what percent of gages measured rain. To offer a companion measurement to the official observations at KPHX, the Phoenix Rainfall Index (PRI) was been created. This is especially true during the monsoon. While KPHX did a good job of reprenting rainfall of Phoenix when it was smaller, with the vast sprawl of the area now there are times where portions of the PMA receive rain while other, including KPHX, do not. Since 1933, it has resided at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (KPHX). Historically, the official rain gauge for the Phoenix Metropolitan Area (PMA) has been situated near the center of the city. Phoenix, Arizona is a vast, sprawling metropolis which covers an area of nearly 2000 sq-mi.
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